Halaman
Listening:
• Responding to someone expressing attitude (giving
opinion, agreement and disagreement)
•
Responding to the meanings in narrative texts
Speaking:
• Expressing attitude (giving opinion, agreement and
disagreement)
•
Responding to a monologue of narrative text
Reading:
•
Identifying narrative texts
Writing:
•
Writing a narrative text
Valuable Stories
Chapter
4
85
Source
:
www.thefeltsource.com
In This Chapter
86
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
Listening
In this section, you will learn how to:
•
respond to someone expressing attitude (giving opinion, agreement and disagreement);
•
respond to narrative texts.
1. What do you do if you do not agree with someone?
2. In your opinion, what should parents do for their
children's education?
3. What do you think about education quality in
Indonesia today?
4. Do you agree that Indonesian children should attend
school at an early age (3–5)?
1. What expression did the journalist use to open the
dialogue?
2. What did they talk about?
3. What did the journalist express
fi
nding information
about the seminar?
4. Did the two people have the same opinion about the
seminar's implementation? How do you know?
5. Can you
fi
nd an expression of giving opinion in the
dialogue? State it.
6. How do the speakers express a different opinion? Can
you
fi
nd the expression in the text?
1. Did you use to listen to a bedtime story before you
slept?
2. What stories do you still remember?
3. What are they about?
4. Did the stories teach you something?
Activity
1
Answer these questions orally. Put forward your
opinion.
Activity
2
Listen to the dialogue carefully. Then answer the
questions.
Activity
3
Answer the following questions orally.
87
Valuable Stories
Sentences
1. "There's nothing I can do about this problem now,"
she sighed.
2. The man took his cart to the city carrying fruits and
vegetables.
3. My brother went to the city to fetch a doctor because
I was seriously ill.
4. She got a tiny book from her uncle.
5. What they said didn't convince their father.
De
fi
nitions
a. to go to the place where something or someone is and
bring them back
b. to make someone feel certain that something is true
c. to take a deep breath
d. vehicle for carrying loads, usually pulled by a horse
e. extremely small
1. Who are the characters in the story?
2. How did Tom Thumb get his name?
3. What was Tom Thumb's characteristics in the
story?
4. How about his father's characteristic?
5. Why did his father sell Tom Thumb ?
6. How did Tom Thumb escape from the circus
owner?
7. Where does the story take place?
8. What lesson do you get from the story?
Activity
4
You are going to listen to a story. Listen carefully.
Activity
5
Answer the following questions based on the listening
text.
Activity
6
The following sentences are taken from the text you
just listened. Match the underlined words with the
de
fi
nitions.
88
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
• seem • need
• speak • leave
• this • me
• be • since
Long Vowel /i:/
Short Vowel /
ɪ
/
Famous Reads
_____________
ten
_____________
local and foreign
Magazines
Rp57,000
_____________
selected bookstores
_____________
Price
Number of
Available at
Writers
Activity
7
Listen to how the following words are pronounced.
Then, categorise them under the correct vowel
sound. Do it in your workbook.
Activity
8
You are going to listen to an incomplete story. The
missing part is the answer to the question in the
story. Guess it.
Activity
9
Now, you are going to listen to the rest of the story.
Is your guessing correct?
Activity
10
Listen to the two advertisements. Then
fi
ll in the
blanks.
89
Valuable Stories
Speaking
In this section, you will learn how to:
•
express attitude (give opinion, agreement and disagreement);
•
respond to a monologue of narrative texts.
1. Do you often debate with your friends?
2. What do you say to respond to someone's opinion?
3. How do you feel when someone disagrees with your
opinion?
4. What do you usually say when someone agrees with
your opinion?
Situation 1
In a newly opened mall
,
Ulfa meets her best friend
,
he brings
some new books that he has bought
.
Ulfa
:
Hi, Seno! Where have you been?
Seno
:
Hi, Ulfa! I've just come out from the bookstore
on the third
fl
oor.
Ulfa
:
Did you buy any books?
Seno
:
Yes, one story book and two textbooks for my
little brother. By the way, what do you think
of this new mall?
Ulfa
:
The way I see it, it's amazing. It is the biggest
mall in town, isn't it?
Seno
:
That's right. I reckon the facilities make the
customers satis
fi
ed.
Situation 2
In a meeting
,
Mr Rizal Bakri and his colleagues are arguing
about their opinions on the right time to publish their books.
Mr Fuad
:
The best time to publish our books is at
the end of next month. Students need
them soon.
New Horizon
People have used books
in some form for more
than 5,000 years. The
term
book
comes from
the early English word
boc
, which means
tablet
or
written sheets
. The
fi
rst
printed books in Europe
appeared during the
mid-1400's. Since then,
millions of books have
been printed on almost
every subject in every
written language. Young
readers are familiar with
storybooks, textbooks,
workbooks, and
comicbooks.
(
The World Book Encyclopedia:
Volume 2,
2007)
Activity
1
Answer the following questions.
Activity
2
Read the following dialogues. Pay attention to the
situations and the language used. Then act them out.
90
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
1.
Mr Lapian asks Miss Mona to dinner. But she has to take
her mother to see a doctor after work
.
Mr Lapian :
What do you think about having
dinner tonight?
Miss Mona :
.
2.
Mrs Burhan and Miss Dessy watched students during
afternoon activities. Mrs Burhan wants to know about her
students
.
Mrs Burhan :
?
Miss Dessy : Well, I reckon the students had trained
seriously before the headmaster came
to see them.
3.
Dina and Dewi are discussing math questions. One of the
questions is answered differently
.
Dina
: OK. The answer is 210.
Dewi : Oh no
. I think the
answer is 21.
Dina
: I am with you. I miscounted. Thanks.
Mr Bakri
:
Have you any comment on this matter,
Mr Adam?
Mr Adam :
I consider that we still have to make
several improvements about some
aspects. So we need
at least two more
months to publish. We needn't to be in
a rush.
Mr Fuad
:
How about the customers?
Mr Adam :
I'm convinced that the customers will have
the books on time. It will not be late.
Mr Bakri
:
I agree with Mr Adam's view.
Mr Adam :
Thank you for your approval, Sir.
Mr Bakri
:
OK, we will be ready to publish our books
within two months.
Mr Fuad
:
Well, if that's the
fi
nal decision, I think
I accept it.
UN Shot
Lawyer : Tom, your
wife wants to
get half of the
property, the
investment
and also the
children.
Tom
: I don't agree
with that. She
claims too
much I think.
The underlined
expression shows ....
a. disagreement
b. impossibility
c. uncertainty
d. inability
e. denial
(UN 2002/2003)
Activity
3
Work in pairs. Complete the dialogues with appropriate
expressions.
91
Valuable Stories
4. Naning : The capital city of M
alaysia is Kuala
Lumpur. What is the capital of the
Netherlands?
Candra : Dutch.
Naning : No.
with you. Dutch is
the language of the Netherlands. I think
it is Amsterdam.
1. Sarto :
?
Dessy :
Yes, I think so. I reckon that Herman is
not lazy, but he has come late.
2. Guest :
?
Erni : S
ure. Take a taxi from here. The taxi
driver will take you to the place you want
to go to.
What to Say
Expressing Disagreement
•
Yes, but don't you think ...?
•
Yes, I see but ....
•
I don' think so.
•
I quite disagree ....
•
Sorry, I have to say "No".
Expressing Agreement
•
I agree with what you said.
•
Well, if you say so.
•
I think so.
•
I agree with you.
•
I agree ....
•
I am with you.
Study the following expressions of agreement and disagreement.
Less Formal
Less Formal
More Formal
More Formal
Activity
4
Now complete these pairs of dialogues with the
appropriate expressions in groups of four.
92
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
Source:
Story a Day
, 1983
Money Isn’t Everything
Donald, Daisy, Huey, Louie and
Dewey all went to visit Uncle Scrooge
one cold autumn day. They knocked
at the door and had to wait a long
time before all the bolts were undone.
Even then Uncle Scrooge looked very
suspicious, as if they were Beagle Boys
in disguise. The old miser was very
surprised to see them all.
"Well, well. I suppose you'd better
come in," he croaked at the door.
"Have you got a sore throat, Great-
Uncle Scrooge?" chirped Louie.
"Don't be cheeky, Louie!" scolded
Daisy.
3. Etty
:
Do you mind picking me up at
nine,
Patudu?
Patudu :
Of course not.
don't wait for each other. We should
leave on time.
4. Laila : Daddy
?
Father :
Alright. Take your brother, and don't be
late.
Laila : Thank you.
Activity
5
Make a short dialogue using the expressions of asking
for opinion, expressing opinion, agreeing with opinion
and disagreeing with opinions individually.
Activity
6
You are going to read a story entitled “Money Isn’t
Everything”. Do you agree that money isn’t everything?
Activity
7
Retell the following story to your class.
93
Valuable Stories
"Stuff and nonsense!" croaked
Uncle Scrooge. "I have got a sore throat!
The young lad's right."
"Sorry to hear that, Uncle," said
Donald sympathetically. "Should I
send Dewey out to get you some cough
drops?"
"No. They cost too much money
nowadays," complained the old miser.
"I'd rather suffer the tickle in my
throat."
"You don't seem very happy, Uncle
Scrooge," soothed Daisy.
"Mind your own business!" snapped
Uncle Scrooge.
"Poor old Great-Uncle Scrooge,"
chirped Dewey, who had jumped up
to sit on his Great-Uncle's knee.
"What do you mean—poor Great-
Uncle Scrooge!" chuckled Uncle Scrooge.
"I've got more money than Fort Knox."
"What I meant," explained Dewey,
"was that I had a sore throat too, and I
hardly have any money. But I bought
some cough drops." With that Dewey
pulled out his box of cough drops and
gave them to Uncle Scrooge.
"You can have my cough drops,
Uncle," smiled Dewey, "because they
cured my sore throat."
Uncle Scrooge didn't know what to
say. But one great big tear rolled down
his face.
"Poor Great-Uncle Scrooge," echoed
the triplets.
Taken from
Story a Day
, 1983
1. said something in a sharp voice
2. made a deep, hoarse sound
3. changing the appearance in order not to be recognised
4. metal bars that slide into a socket to lock a door
5. three children born to the same mother at one time
6. having an itching feeling
7. person who loves money and spends as little as
possible
8. having a feeling that something is wrong, somebody
has done wrong, etc.
1. What is the theme of the story?
2. How many characters are there in the story?
3. Can you describe the characteristics of each character?
How do you know?
Activity
8
Find the words in the text which have the following
de
fi
nitions.
Activity
9
With a partner, have a discussion to answer the
following questions.
94
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
The Twins of
the Kingdom of Taun
Source:
Folk Tales from Bali and Lombok
, 1999
Pronunciation
Practice
1. autumn /
ˈɔ:təm
/
2. bolts /
bəʊlts
/
3. suspicious /
səˈspɪʃəs
/
4. disguise /
dɪsˈgaɪz
/
5. sympathetically /
sɪmpəˈθetɪklɪ
/
6. miser /
ˈmaɪzə
(
r
)/
7. tickle /
ˈtɪkl
/
8. chirped /
tʃɜ:pd
/
9. echoed /
ˈekəʊd
/
10. triplets /
ˈtrɪplɪts
/
4. Where did the story take place?
5. How does the story end?
6. What does the clause "all the bolts were undone" in
paragraph 1 tell you about?
7. Can you
fi
nd some moral values implied in the story?
State the textual evidence to support your answer.
A long time ago, in a small kingdom
near the present harbour of Lembar,
there reigned a king known as Datu
Taun, with his wife, Queen Dewi
Mas. The people in the kingdom lived
in happiness, peace and security,
under the wise rule of Datu Taun, his
ministers Aur and Gereng and his
Queen Dewi Mas, who was praised far
and wide for her kind heart and noble
character.
Activity
10
In a group of four, read the following story of how
Mount Rinjani got its name.
95
Valuable Stories
There was only one thing to mar
the happiness of the King and Queen,
and that was the fact that they had not
yet been blessed with a son or daughter
who would one day inherit their
beloved kingdom. As time went on
Datu Taun felt that his life was slipping
away, and that he must act to change his
situation. After having given the matter
full consideration, he made his decision
and approached his wife.
"My Queen," he said gently. "For
many years we have hoped for a
child; we have made all the necessary
offerings, said all the prayers, but to no
avail. Now I would like to have your
thoughts on this matter."
The Queen, although in her heart
she must have known what the King
was considering, replied sweetly, "I
leave it entirely up to you, my Lord, to
do what you think best. Whatever you
decide, I will agree."
"Then give me your permission
to take another wife," said the King.
"Perhaps in this way I will be given an
heir."
"I have no objection," said Dewi
Mas. "But if you take another woman
to marry, be sure that she is a woman
of good character, who will produce
the kind of offspring you have been
longing for."
With the Queen's approval, the
King now consulted his chief ministers,
and told them of his decision. With
no objections forthcoming, he then
told them that he would soon marry
a beautiful princess, the daughter of
Minister Aur named Sunggar Tutul.
After Datu Taun's marriage to
Sunggar Tutul, the King was very
seldom seen in the chambers of Dewi
Mas. He spent all his time at the palace
of his younger wife, a state of affairs
which caused the elders of the kingdom
not a little concern. Some of them even
dared to come before Queen Dewi
Mas to express their displeasure at
the King's failure to treat both wives
equally, as prescribed in the tenets of
their religion.
Dewi Mas, however, paci
fi
ed them
and remained patient and steadfast, and
even happy, since she knew that she
was with child. The news of Dewi Mas'
pregnancy was received by Sunggar
Tutul with surprise and shock, and her
immediate reaction was to think of a
way to dispose of Dewi Mas. It was not
long before she had a story prepared for
Datu Taun. The baby Dewi Mas was
carrying, Sunggar Tutul told the King,
was not his, but the result of an extra-
marital relationship between Dewi Mas
and Loq Deos, a courtier who often
served her. The King accepted Sunggar
Tutul's story without question, and in
great anger, he decided to banish Dewi
Mas from his kingdom. He commanded
his palace courtiers to see that she was
sent away immediately, with sixty
attendants, both men and women.
Among the King's ministers there were
many who were convinced that Dewi
Mas was not guilty of any adulterous
96
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
friendly greetings, the Captain asked for
water, which Dewi Mas ordered to be
brought to him. The Captain then said,
"We have often passed this place on our
journeys, but we have never known it
to be inhabited. We
fi
nd this strange.
And — may I ask? — Are you a human
being, or are you a jinn?"
Dewi Mas replied to the Captain's
ques tions, explaining exactly what had
happened. The Captain and his crew
felt great sympathy for Dewi Mas, and
the Captain even proposed that she
become his wife. Dewi Mas refused,
telling him that she was carrying the
King's child, but she asked that they all
be transported to the island of Bali.
The Captain could not refuse Dewi
Mas' request, and the Queen and all her
followers were duly taken to Bali, where
they prepared to settle for an inde
fi
nite
period of time.
By now Dewi Mas' time had come,
and she gave birth to twins, a boy
and a girl, each being born with an
extraordinary attachment: the boy a
keris, and the girl, an arrow. The boy
was named Raden Nuna Putra Janjaq
and the girl, Dewi Rinjani. The twins
were healthy children, and grew up
happily, playing with the many other
children in the neighbourhood. From
their playmates they often heard the
word "father," and they also saw their
friends' fathers. They began to wonder
about their own father, and one day they
decided to ask their mother, who had
never mentioned him.
act, but they were compelled to carry
out the King's command.
Dewi Mas arranged that all the
people who had been sent away
with her were happily settled. She
assured herself that each family had a
satisfactory place to cook their rice, as
well as a comfortable place to sleep.
Dewi Mas herself was able to resign
herself to her banishment; what she
could not accept was the fact that
others might have to suffer because of
her. Sometimes she would sit outside
her small abode, and looking across
the sea, ponder her fate and that of her
loyal followers.
One day, as she sat thus, she
caught sight of a small, boat, far away,
in the middle of the sea that stretched
into the distance before her, and she
watched as it drew closer.
As the ship approached the island,
its Captain and crew, one by one,
marvelled at a light that seemed to be
radiating from a certain spot on the
island. One of the crew remarked that
the island was now inhabited, and
another suggested that the light was
coming from a female jinn. Another
insisted that whatever it was, he was
sure there was no danger, and they
should anchor there, to which proposal
the Captain agreed.
Now they could see Dewi Mas
clearly, and they were all charmed
by her beauty. They disembarked,
and the Captain approached Dewi
Mas at the spot on the shore where
she always sat. After an exchange of
97
Valuable Stories
"Mother, where is our father?"
asked both twins.
Dewi Mas knew that the time
would come when she would have
to answer this question, and this
saddened her. However, she replied
brightly, "Your father has gone away
on a journey, but he will return soon; in
two weeks, perhaps, he will be sailing
back into the harbour."
Two weeks passed, and then two
months, but there was still no sign of
their father, and the boy, Raden Nuna
Putra Janjaq could bear it no longer.
"Mother, please tell us where our
father is. Do we have a father or not?"
Realising that it was now no
longer possible to keep the truth from
her children, Dewi Mas told them the
whole story: how their father, Datu
Taun, the King of the kingdom of Taun
on the island of Lombok, had banished
his wife because of the slanderous story
told by their stepmother.
From that moment on Raden Nuna
Putra Janjaq begged his mother to
allow him and his sister to search for
their father. "Tell us where he is," he
demanded, "and the way to get there,
so that we may right the dreadful
wrong that has been done to you, and
to us, his children."
The boy left his mother no rest,
and
fi
nally she agreed to let him go,
saying, "Go, my son, if you must, but
leave your sister here with me. If you
succeed, return to us, and take us back
with you to Lombok."
Raden Nuna Putra Janjaq said
farewell to his mother and sister, and
with the keris that he had been born
with in his belt, he embarked at the
village of Labuhan Tereng, where he
immediately asked a passerby the way
to the kingdom of Taun.
The person who answered the
boy's question, telling him the way in
minutest detail, was none other than
Loq Deos, who many years ago had
disappeared from the palace of Taun
because he was accused of having
committed adultery with the Queen.
Following Loq Deos' directions,
Raden Nuna Putra Janjaq arrived at
the palace. He addressed the guard
straightforwardly: "I am looking for
Datu Taun, if he is still alive. Is he? If he
is, I must see him immediately."
The guard, taken aback, replied,
"Who are you, boy, to address me thus?
Where have you come from, and why
do you ask about the King in such a
manner?"
"I have come from Bali," said the
boy, "and I cannot leave this place before
I have met this man called Datu Taun."
And he made a move to pass the guard,
pushing him roughly aside. By this
time the palace attendants had noticed
the boy and his aggressive behaviour,
and they all moved to prevent him
from advancing any further. As they
did so, Raden Nuna Putra Janjaq drew
out his keris, and one by one, left his
opponents stunned and defeated. He
98
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
then proceeded to an inner chamber
where he found Datu Taun himself.
"Are you the King?" the boy asked.
"I must meet the King, Datu Taun."
"And who might you be?" asked
the King.
"How dare you enter without my
per mission?"
"I have come from Bali," said the
boy, "to meet the King."
"I am the King," said Datu Taun.
"What do you want?"
"So you are really the King," said
the boy. "I am sorry to hear that."
"Leave my presence at once!"
shouted the King. "Away with you,
boy!" and he took out his keris. Raden
Nuna Putra Janjaq had his own keris at
the ready, and a furious battle ensued
between father and son. Many times
Datu Taun's keris touched the boy's
body, but was unable to pierce it, and
likewise Datu Taun was invulnerable
to all the attempted thrusts of the boy's.
But
fi
nally Datu Taun seized the boy
and was just about to throw him to
the ground with all his might. At that
very moment he heard a voice, an inner
voice, which said, "Datu Taun, now you
must know the truth. The boy you are
about to torture is your own son, and
Dewi Mas is his mother. Do not harm
him!"
Datu Taun released the boy, and
grasping him by the shoulders, looked
long and penetratingly into his eyes.
A feeling of great sadness and regret
overcame him, and he embraced the
boy whom he now knew to be his own
son.
Raden Nuna Putra Janjaq then
told him all about his mother and his
twin sister who were now in Bali, and
the King promised to bring them back
to the kingdom of Taun with all their
loyal followers. Arrangements were
made without delay, and Dewi Mas,
her daughter Dewi Rinjani, and all their
attendants with their families returned
to Lombok, to the kingdom of Taun.
Datu Taun presented his crown and
his kingdom to his son, and the family
moved into the Palace. Sunggar Tutul
begged for giveness, which Dewi Mas
was willing to grant, and they lived
together in peace and harmony.
As soon as Raden Nuna Putra
Janjaq had begun his reign, Datu Taun
be took himself to a high mountain to
meditate, accompanied by his daughter
Dewi Rinjani.
It was there on the mountain peak
that Dewi Rinjani was summoned
by the female jinns to be their leader,
and from that moment on, the highest
mountain in Lombok, where they
lived and meditated, was called Mount
Rinjani.
Taken from
Folk Tales from Bali and Lombok
, 1999
99
Valuable Stories
1. Having more than one wife
2. Telling a lie for vested interest
3. Judging that someone is guilty without investigating
fi
rst
4. Forgiving someone for making a big mistake easily
1.
in
king
peace
with
2.
his
been
thing
slip
3.
think
leave
sweet
treat
4.
this
it
each
will
5.
sea
see
sleep
sit
6.
twin
him
week
still
7.
please
live
keep
peak
8.
did
seize
feel
lead
1. The people in the kingdom lived in happiness,
peace
and security.
a. There was only one
thing
to mar the happiness
of the King and Queen.
b. Some of them express their displeasure at the
king's failure to
treat
both wives equally.
2. I cannot
leave
this place before I have met Datu
Taun.
a. Each family has a comfortable place to
sleep
.
b. Her immediate reaction was to
think
of a way to
dispose of Dewi Mas.
Activity
11
Divide the story
The Twins of the Kingdom of Taun
into four. Then four students retell the story in front
of the class continually.
Activity
13
In each line, identify the word that has a different
vowel sound. Pronounce those words
fi
rst.
Activity
12
Give your comments on the following issues emerging
in the story.
Activity
14
Find a word in each sentence which has the same
vowel sound. Then pronounce the words.
100
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
Reading
In this section, you will learn how to:
• read narrative texts.
1. Have you ever been jealous of your friend? Why?
2. In your opinion, is being jealous good?
3. What will you do when you realise that your best
friend is better in everything than you?
4. What will you do if your best friend is jealous of
you?
Englishclub.com
Folktales are stories
that have been handed
down from generation
to generation either in
writing or by word of
mouth. To
fi
nd more
folktales especially
from Indonesia, you can
browse these sites.
www. aaronshep.com
www.geocities.com/
kesumawijaya/
www.paci
fi
c.net.id/-
indocare/folk98.htm
3. There reigned a
king
known as Datu Taun, with his
wife, Queen Dewi Mas.
a. Dewi Rinjani was summoned by female jinns on
the mountain
peak
.
b. The king promised to
bring
them back to the
kingdom of Taun.
4. She caught sight of a small boat in the middle of the
sea
.
a. As the
ship
approached the island, its captain and
crew marvelled at a light.
b. Two
weeks
passed, and then two months. but there
was no sign of their father.
5. "Mother,
please
tell us where our father is.
"
a. It was no longer possible to
keep
the truth from
her children.
b. "If you succeed,
return
to us, and take us back
with you to Lombok."
6. Datu Taun was invulnerable to all the attempted
thrusts
of the boy's.
a. "Do not
harm
him!"
b. Many times Datu Taun's keris
touched
the boy's
body, but was unable to pierce it.
Activity
1
Answer the following questions.
101
Valuable Stories
Words
1. grove
2.
huge
3. exceedingly
4. shedding
5. supremely
6. captivated
7. harsh
8. grief
9. enchanting
10. paci
fi
ed
Synonyms or Meanings
Far, far away there was a grove of shady mango
trees. On one of the green trees there lived a cuckoo
and a crow. They were quite alike in appearance. Both
the birds were black. Only the crow was a little bigger.
The cuckoo would lay all her eggs in the crow's nest.
For quite sometime they lived as good friends. The
cuckoo had a sweet voice and often she would
fi
ll the
grove with her sweet melody.
The Jealous Crow
Orientation
Activity
2
Find the synonyms or meanings of these words in
dictionary.
Activity
3
Read the following text.
102
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
One day, a traveller passed by. Night fell and there
was darkness all around. The traveller was tired. So he
decided to spend the night under the huge mango tree
on which the crow and the cuckoo lived.
The night was exceedingly pleasant. Full moon
was shedding her lone lustre in the sky. The eerie
surrounding made the cuckoo feel supremely happy.
She kept singing the whole night long and the passerby
was simply captivated by cuckoo's sweet song.
Night passed. The day dawned. It was now the
crow's turn to caw. His voice was so harsh to the ears
that the traveller soon left the place. When the crow saw
the traveller leave the place, in disgust he felt jealous
of the sweet-voiced bird. When the cuckoo had gone
away in search of food the crow went to the nest in
desperation and breaking all the eggs, he threw them
down.
The cuckoo,
fi
nding all her eggs smashed, was mad
with grief. She went to the crow and said, "Oh brother,
we had always lived like friends. What made you break
all my eggs?"
"Well sister, as you sang, the unknown traveller
stayed the whole night. When I started cawing he left
the place. I felt insulted and broke all your eggs. Now
let us both go to the traveller and ask him why he did
so."
So, both the birds
fl
ew and
fl
ew till they spotted
the traveller. When the crow asked him, he replied, "I
was carried away by the cuckoo's enchanting voice but
your voice was intolerably harsh. So, I left the place.
But both of you have been old friends, so you should
always live in harmony. You should not feel jealous of
your friend."
These words of the passerby paci
fi
ed both cuckoo
and the crow. After that day they lived peacefully.
The just and kind words of a traveller destroyed the
ill feeling of jealousy in the crow just as a sprinkling of
a little cold water settles the boiling milk.
Taken from
Tales of Wisdom
, 2002
Evaluation
Complication
Resolution
103
Valuable Stories
1. T – F
The crow and the cuckoo hadn't lived in
harmony for a long time.
2. T – F
The crow had a beautiful voice.
3. T – F
The traveller came to the grove in the
morning.
4. T – F
In the night the cuckoo felt so happy because
the night was pleasant.
5. T – F
The traveller went away because of the harsh
voice of the crow.
Narrative
Social function : to amuse, entertain and to deal with
problematic events which lead to a crisis
or turning point of some kind, which in
turn
fi
nds a resolution.
Generic structure :
Orientation
: sets the scene and introduces the
participants.
Evaluation
: stepping back to evaluate the plight.
Complication : a crisis arises.
Resolution
: the crisis is resolved, for better or for
worse.
Reorientation (optional).
Activity
4
Choose T if the statement is true and F if it is false
according to the text.
Activity
5
Find some moral values from the story in Activity 3.
Share them with your partner.
104
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
Adjectives, Adjective Phrases and Adjective
Clauses
Study the following sentences.
1. Both of the birds were
black
.
2. The traveller was
tired
.
3. They are
good
friends.
4. The
unknown
traveller stayed the
whole
night.
5. They could have a
good
conversation.
•
Black
,
tired
,
good
,
unknown
, and
whole
are
adjectives
.
•
An adjective can be placed after an
article
or before
a
noun
.
• An adjective can modify
nouns
as Subjects or
Objects.
•
The adjectives placed after
to be
are Predicate.
Grammar
Review
1. the eggs
in the nest
2. the traveller
feeling tired
3. the dragon
ascending to heaven
4. the millipede
deceiving the cock
• An
adjective phrase
can follow a noun.
• The phrase
the eggs in the nest
=
the eggs that are in the
nest
;
the traveller feeling tired
=
the traveller who is feeling
tired
, and so on.
1. The traveller
who passed by
, ...
2. The dragon
that borrowed the horns
, ...
3. The traveller
whom the birds met
, ...
4. The horns
that the cock loaned
, ...
• An
adjective clause
, which contains a subject and a
verb, can follow a noun. It describes the noun.
•
Who
and
whom
are used for people.
•
That
is used for people or things.
105
Valuable Stories
1. The tree
whose branch was cut down
, ...
2. The traveller
whom the birds saw
, ...
3. The bird
which has a beautiful voice
, ...
The italicised words explain the nouns. The clauses can also
be written as follows:
1. The tree's branch was cut down.
2. The birds saw the traveller.
3. The bird has a beautiful voice.
1. plough (v) 11. ferocious (adj)
2. sow (v) 12.
fi
end (n)
3. gale (n) 13. squirm (v)
4. wipe (v) 14. writhe (v)
5. stagger (v) 15. drag (v)
6. disentangle (v)
7. in
fl
ict (v)
8. alight (v)
9. valley (n)
10. reed (n)
Once upon a time there lived in the
mountains a woman and her daughter.
The daughter liked to dress in red.
Hence her name, Little Red.
One day they were ploughing and
sowing in the
fi
elds. All of a sudden,
a gale blew up and in the sky there
appeared an evil dragon who stretched
down his claws, caught Little Red in a
tight grip and
fl
ew off with her towards
the west. Her mother vaguely heard
daughter's words carried on the wind:
Oh mother, oh mother, as dear as can
be!
My brother, my brother will rescue
me!
Wiping away her tears, her mother
gazed into the sky and said, "But I only
have a daughter. Who can this brother
be?"
The Golden Reed Pipe
Activity
6
Find the meaning of the following words in your
dictionary.
Activity
7
Read the following text.
106
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
She staggered home and had got
halfway there when her white hair was
caught up in the branches of a bayberry
tree growing by the roadside. While she
was disentangling her hair, she spotted
a red, red berry dangling from a twig.
She picked it and swallowed it without
thinking.
When she arrived home, the woman
gave birth to a boy with a round head
and red cheeks. She named the boy
Little Bayberry.
Bayberry grew up very quickly
and in a few days he was a young lad
of fourteen or
fi
fteen.
His mother wanted to ask Bayberry
to rescue his sister but couldn't bring
herself to in
fl
ict such a dangerous task
on him. All she could do was weep to
herself in secret.
One day a crow alighted on the eaves
of her house and cried:
Your sister's suffering out there, out
there!
She's weeping in the evil dragon's
lair!
Bloodstains on her back,
She's digging rocks with hands so
bare!
Upon hearing this, Bayberry asked
his mother, "Do I have a sister?"
Tears streaming down her cheeks,
his mother replied, "Yes, my boy, you
do. Because she loved to dress in red,
she was called Little Red. That evil
dragon who has killed so many people
came and took her away."
Bayberry picked up a big stick and
said, "I'm going to rescue Little Red and
kill that evil dragon. Then he can't do
any more harm!"
His mother leaned against the door
frame and through misty eyes watched
her son march away.
Bayberry walked for miles and
miles. On a mountain road he saw
ahead of him, blocking the way, a large
rock. It was pointed and rubbed smooth
by all the travellers who had had to
climb it. One wrong step would mean
a nasty fall.
Bayberry said, "This is my first
obstacle! If I don't remove it now, it will
be the undoing of many more people."
He thrust his stick under the rock and
heaved with all his might. There was
a great "crack!" and the stick broke in
two. Then he put both his hands under
the rock and tried to shift it with all the
strength. The rock rolled down into the
valley.
Just at that moment, a shining
golden reed pipe appeared in the pit
where the rock had been. Bayberry
picked it up and blew on it. It gave out
a resonant sound.
Suddenly, all the earthworms, frogs
and lizards by the roadside began to
dance. The quicker the tune the faster
the creatures danced. As soon as the
music stopped, they ceased dancing.
Bayberry had an idea: "Ah! Now I can
deal with the evil dragon."
He strode away, the golden reed
pipe in hand. He climbed a huge rocky
107
Valuable Stories
mountain and saw a ferocious-looking
dragon coiled at the entrance to a cave.
Piles of human bones lay all around
him. He also saw a girl in red chisel ling
away at the cave. Tears were streaming
down her cheeks. The evil dragon
whipped the girl on the back with his
tail and shouted vilely at her:
Most ungrateful loathsome
Mistress Red!
Since with me you would not
wed,
Day by day,
Rock by rock,
Hew me out a handsome cave,
Or I'll send you to your grave!
Bayberry realised that the girl was
none other than his sister. He shouted:
Wicked monster! Evil
fi
end!
To torment my sister so!
Till your wretched life shall end
On this pipe I'll blow and blow!
Bayberry began to blow on his
golden reed pipe. The music set the evil
dragon dancing despite himself. Little
Red downed her chisel and emerged
from the cave to watch.
Bayberry blew on the pipe. The evil
dragon continued to dance, squirming
and writhing. The quicker the tune, the
faster the evil dragon moved.
Little Red came over and wanted
to speak to her brother. With a gesture
of his hand, Bayberry showed her that
he could not stop playing the pipe. If
he did, the evil dragon would eat them
both up.
Bayberry kept blowing for all he
was worth, and the evil dragon stretched
his long waist and kept writhing around
in time to the music.
Fire came from his eyes, steam from
his nostrils, and panting breath from his
mouth. The evil dragon pleaded:
Ho-ho-ho! Brother you're the
stronger!
Blow no more! Torture me no longer!
I'll send her home,
If you leave me alone!
Bayberry had no intention of
stopping. As he blew, he walked
towards a big pond. The evil dragon
followed him to the bank of the pond,
squirming and dancing all the way.
With a great splash the evil dragon
fell into the pond and the water rose
several feet. The evil dragon was utterly
exhausted. Fire came from his eyes,
steam from his nostrils and panting
breath from his mouth. He entreated
again in a hoarse voice:
Ho-ho-ho! Brother you're stronger!
Let me alone and I'll stay in this
pond
And torture folk no longer!
Bayberry replied:
Wicked
fi
end!
This is my bargain:
Stay at the bottom of this pond,
And never do harm again.
The evil dragon kept nodding his
head. As soon as the golden reed pipe
stopped blowing, he sank to the bottom
of the pond.
108
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
1. Describe in detail the elements below:
a. The characters (mother, Little Red, Little Bayberry
and the dragon);
b. The setting;
c. The con
fl
ict of the story in the text.
2. Determine parts of the plot:
a. Orientation;
b. Evaluation;
c. Complication;
d. Resolution.
3. Mention the places where the story takes place.
4. Determine the point of view used in the story.
Your Project
Read the story of
The Golden Reed
Pipe
. Identify which
paragraphs show you
the complication. Draw
a picture to illustrate
it. Then, show it to the
class and say what is
happening.
Bayberry took hold of his sister's
hand and walked happily away.
Not long after they set off, they
heard the sound of water splashing
in the pond. They looked over their
shoulders and saw the evil dragon
emerge from the water pond. He raised
his head and
fl
ew in their direction,
baring his fangs and clawing the air.
Little Red cried:
Go deep when digging a well;
Pull up the roots when hoeing a
fi
eld.
While that dragon is still alive
To kindly ways he'll never yield.
Bayberry rushed back to the pond
and began to blow on his pipe once
more. The evil dragon fell back into
the pond and began to dance again,
squirming and writhing in the water.
Bayberry stood on the bank for
seven days and nights, a fast tune
blowing on his pipe. Finally, the evil
dragon could move no longer and
fl
oated on the surface of the water. His
days had come to an end.
Sister and brother joyfully returned
home, dragging the body of the evil
dragon along behind them. When their
mother saw her two children coming
home, her face lit up with happiness.
Taken from
http://www.pitt.edu/
Activity
8
Work in groups of three or four to have a discussion
on the elements of the story in Activity 7.
109
Valuable Stories
1. Have you ever written a story?
2. Are you having fun when writing stories?
3. What do you get from writing stories?
Writing
In this section, you will learn how to:
•
write a narrative text.
• gully
• bow
• decent
• fairy
• vanish
• chuckle
• frugal
• dissuade
1. small imaginary creature with magical powers
2. not wasteful; economical
3. bending forward as a sign of respect or as a greeting
4. disappear suddenly
5. advise somebody not to do something
6. come or go down
7. laugh quietly
8. narrow channel cut or formed by rain-water, e.g. on
a hillside
Long ago there was a young couple
who lived in a small thatched hut in a
gully. They were so poor that every
day they had to cut two bundles of
fi
rewood and carry them to market on
their backs.
One day, the young couple came
back from the mountain carrying the
fi
rewood. They put one bundle in the
courtyard and planned to sell it at the
market the next day to buy rice. The
other bundle they kept in the kitchen
The Magic Moneybag
Activity
1
Answer the following questions.
Activity
3
Write the main ideas of the following text.
Activity
2
Match the words in the box with the following
de
fi
nitions.
110
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
for their own use. When they woke
up the following morning, the bundle
in the courtyard had mysteriously
disappeared. There was nothing to do
but to sell the bundle which they had
kept for themselves.
That same day, they cut another two
bundles of
fi
rewood as usual. They put
one bundle in the courtyard for market
and kept the other bundle for their own
use. But the following morning, the
bundle in the courtyard had vanished
again. The same thing happened on
the third and fourth day as well, and
the husband began to think there was
something strange going on.
On the
fi
fth day, he made a hollow in
the bundle of
fi
rewood in the courtyard
and hid himself inside it. From the
outside it looked just the same as
before. At midnight an enor mous rope
descended from the sky, attached itself
to the bundle and lifted it up into the
sky, with the woodcutter still inside it.
On his arrival in heaven, he saw a
kindly looking, white-haired old man
coming in his direction. The old man
untied the bundle and when he found
the man inside it, he asked, "Other
people only cut one bundle of
fi
rewood
a day. Why do you cut two?"
The woodcutter made a bow and
replied, "We are penniless. That's why my
wife and I cut two bundles of
fi
rewood a
day. One bundle is for our own use and
the other we carry to the market. With it
we can buy rice to make porridge."
The old man chuckled and said to
the woodcutter in a warm-hearted tone
of voice, "I've known for a long time
that you are a decent couple and lead a
hardworking life. I shall give you a piece
of treasure. Take it back with you and it
will provide you with your livelihood."
As soon as he had
fi
nished speaking,
there came seven fairies who led the
young man into a magni
fi
cent palace.
Its golden eaves and gleaming roof tiles
shone so brightly that the moment he
entered, he could no longer open his
eyes. Inside the palace there were many
kinds of rare objects on display that he
had never seen before. Moneybags of
all shapes and sizes hung in one room.
The fairies asked him, "Which one do
you like best? Choose whichever you
please, and take it home."
The woodcutter was beside himself
with joy, "I'd like that moneybag, the
one full of precious things. Give me
that round, bulging one." He chose the
biggest one and took it down.
Just at this moment, the white-
haired old man came in and, with a stern
expression on his face, said to the young
man, "You cannot take that one. I'll give
you an empty one. Every day you can take
one tael of silver out of it, and no more."
The woodcutter reluctantly agreed. He
took the empty moneybag and, clinging
onto the enormous rope, he was lowered
to the ground.
Once home, he gave the moneybag
to his wife and told her the whole story.
She was most excited. In the daytime they
went as usual to cut
fi
rewood. But from
then on, whenever they returned home
after dark, they would close the door and
open the moneybag. Instantly, a lump of
silver would roll jingling out. When they
weighed it on the palm of their hand,
they found it to be exactly one tael. Every
day one tael of silver and no more came
rolling out of the bag. The wife saved
them up one by one.
Time went slowly by. One day the
husband suggested, "Let's buy an ox."
The wife didn't agree. A few days
later, the husband suggested again, "How
about buying a few acres of land?"
His wife didn't agree with that
either. A few more days elapsed, and
111
Valuable Stories
1. Character(s)
Choose one or more characters (girls, boys, animals,
plants, things, others).
2. Point of View (
fi
rst person, second person, third
person)
3. Setting
Place (farm, village, city, arctic, others)
Time (olden, modern, future)
4. Plot (chronological order,
fl
ashback)
5. End (lives well, has a good impact on the world,
others)
the wife herself proposed, "Let's build
a little thatched cottage."
The husband was itching to spend
all the money they had saved and said,
"Since we have so much money in hand,
why don't we build a big brick house?"
The wife could not dissuade her
husband and reluctantly went along
with his idea.
The husband spent the money on
bricks, tiles and timber and on hiring
carpenters and masons. From that
time on, neither of them went into the
mountain to cut
fi
rewood any more.
The day came when their pile of silver
was almost exhausted, but the new
house was still un
fi
nished. It had long
been in the back of the husband's mind
to ask the moneybag to produce more
silver. So without his wife's knowledge,
he opened the bag for a second time that
day. Instantly, another lump of snow-
white silver rolled jingling out of the
bag onto the ground. He opened it a
third time and received a third lump.
He thought to himself, "If I go on
like this, I can get the house
fi
nished in
no time!" He quite forgot the old man's
warning. But when he opened the bag for
the fourth time, it was absolutely empty.
This time not a scrap of silver came out
of it. It was just an old cloth bag. When
he turned to look at his un
fi
nished brick
house, that was gone as well. There before
him was his old thatched hut.
The woodcutter felt very sad. His
wife came over and consoled him, "We
can't depend on the magic moneybag
from heaven. Let's go back to the
mountain to cut
fi
rewood as we did
before. That's a more dependable way
of ear ning a living."
From that day on, the young couple
once again went up to the mountain
to cut firewood and led their old,
hardworking life.
Taken from
http://www.pitt.edu/
Activity
4
Work in groups of three or four to make another
version of the story. Select the
character
(
s
),
point of
view
,
setting
,
plot
and
end
in the brackets.
Activity
5
Change your group’s work with another group’s. Then
give a written comment on the work.
112
Developing English Competencies
for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes
After learning the lesson in this chapter, you are expected to be able to:
1. respond to someone giving opinion, agreement and disagreement (expressing
attitude);
2. respond to the meanings in narrative texts;
3. give opinion, agreement and disagreement (express attitude);
4. respond to a monologue of narrative text;
5. identify narrative texts;
6. write a narrative text.
Now, answer the questions:
1. What will you say to agree or disagree with someone's opinion?
2. What is complication in a narrative text?
If you
fi
nd some dif
fi
culties, consult your teacher or discuss with your friends.
Learning Re
fl
ection
1.
Language Functions
Expressing attitude using expressions for giving opinion, agreement and
disagreement
2.
Genre
Narrative
Social function: to amuse, entertain and to deal with problematic events which
lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn
fi
nds
a resolution.
Generic structure:
Orientation
: sets the scene and introduces the participants.
Evaluation
: stepping back to evaluate the plight.
Complication : a crisis arises.
Resolution
: the crisis is resolved, for better or for worse.
Reorientation (optional).
Chapter Summary